Dean, Early blastfurnaces in the hanging rock region of Ohio utilized suction from a 30ft chimney, and the wind creating updraft over a ridge(hill). The furnace was located at the base of a ridge, and the lift from the venturi effect of the wind passing over the ridge would create a powerful updraft. The air was drawn in from a high pressure area and discharged in a lower pressure area. These furnaces did not reach the high temperatures of the later steam blasts, however the blast air was not preheated as much. The majority of the blast effect was simple convection draw from a hot sandstone chimney and burning hardwood char. This system was developed over a thousand year period. Dan Dimiduk - Stoves List Archives and Website: http://www.crest.org/discussion/stoves/200204/ http://crest.org/discussiongroups/resources/stoves/ > Stoves List Moderators: Ron Larson, ronallarson@qwest.net Elsen L. Karstad, elk@wananchi.com www.chardust.com > List-Post: <mailto:stoves@crest.org> List-Help: <mailto:stoves-help@crest.org> List-Unsubscribe: <mailto:stoves-unsubscribe@crest.org> List-Subscribe: <mailto:stoves-subscribe@crest.org> > Sponsor the Stoves List: http://www.crest.org/discuss3.html - Other Biomass Stoves Events and Information: http://www.bioenergy2002.org http://www.crest.org/articles/static/1/1010424940_7.html Bioenergy http://www.crest.org/articles/static/1/1011975339_7.html Gasification http://www.crest.org/articles/static/1/1011975672_7.html Carbon > For information about CHAMBERS STOVES >http://www.repp.org/discussiongroups/resources/stoves/Chambers/Chambers.htm