End Notes from the Resolution on Sustainable Energy and Low-Income and Minority Communities
This fact summary is not assumed to have the support of the groups that have expressed support for the resolution. The author, Virinder Singh, takes sole responsibility for the content of this fact summary, which does not necessarily reflect the opinions of REPP, the REPP Board of Directors, or its funders. A portion of this summary has benefited from research in Adam Serchuk, The Environmental Imperative for Renewable Energy: An Update. Washington, DC: Renewable Energy Policy Project, April 2000.
1 U.S. EPA, National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report, 1997, EPA 454-R-98-016. December 1998. National Environmental Trust, What the Toxics Release Inventory Tells Us About Power Plant Pollution. August 2000.2 U.S. EPA, Mercury Study Report to Congress, Volume II: An Inventory of Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions in the United States, EPA 452-R-97-004. December 1997. National Academy of Sciences. "EPA's Methylmercury Guideline is Scientifically Justifiable For Protecting Most Americans, But Some May Be at Risk" July 11, 2000.
3 U.S. EPA, Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-1997, EPA 236-R-99-003. April 1999.
4 Jeff Skousen, West Virginia University, personal communication with Adam Serchuk, 18 February 2000. American Rivers. "Acid Mine Pollution" <http://www.arivers.org/mines.html> Accessed 5 September 2000.
5 Auke Piersma, Petition to Federal Trade Commission to Declare Nuclear Energy Institute Advertisements False and Misleading <http://www.citizen.org/cmep/restructuring/ftc.pdf> Accessed 22 August 2000.
6 Institute for Energy and Environmental Research. Uranium: Its Uses and Hazards. <http://www.ieer.org/fctsheet/ uranium.html>. Accessed 19 November 2000.
7 Jeff Skousen, Paul Ziemkiewicz, and Christina Venable. "Evaluation of Tree Growth on Surface Mined Lands in Southern West Virginia" Available at <http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/landrec/evaltree.htm>.
8 U.S. Office of Surface Mining, <http://www.osmre.gov/hidden/coalprod.htm>. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy Development Potential on Indian Lands. Washington, DC: April 2000.
9 Human Rights Watch. The Price of Oil: Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria's Oil Producing Communities. New York: January 1999. Available at
<http://www.humanrightswatch.org/hrw/reports/ 1999/nigeria/index.htm>.10 Larry Hatfield, Marsha Ginsburg and Tyche Hendricks. "Chevron Fire Sparks E. Bay Fears: Safety audits demanded" San Francisco Examiner. March 26, 1999. Most recently, a refinery in Marcus Hook experienced an emergency shut-down due to a malfunction. Oil & Gas Journal Online, Processing News Briefs. Sept. 4, 2000. A refinery near Norco, a low-income community of color, released 855 tons of toxic chemicals in 1997. National Oil Refinery Action Network, "Federal Investigation Bolster's Norco's Diamond Community Demand for Relocation From Shell"
November 12, 1999.11 Martha Keating. Laid to Waste: The Dirty Secret of Combustion Waste from America's Power Plants Denver, Colo: Citizens Coal Council et al., 2000. Available at <http://www.cleanair.net/laidtowaste.htm>.
12 Centers for Disease Control, "Asthma-United States, 1980-1990." Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report 39 (1992): 733-735.
13 National Community Action Foundation. <http://www. ncaf.org/wxamndtp.htm>. Accessed 5 October 2000.
14 U.S. Energy Information Administration. 1997 Residential Energy Consumption Survey. <ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/consumption/residential/ce_tables/enduse_expend.pdf>. Accessed 26 September 2000.
15 U.S. Energy Information Administration. Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy Development Potential on Indian Lands. Washington, DC: April 2000. <http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/ ilands/fig7.html>
16 John Howat and Jerrold Oppenheim. Analysis of Low-Income Benefits in Determining Cost-Effectiveness of Energy Efficiency Programs. National Consumer Law Center, 1999.
17 Statement by Dan Reicher, Assistant Secretary of Energy. Presentation at Energy and Environment Study Institute, Washington, DC. October 4, 2000.
18 U.S. Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Outlook 2000. Washington, DC: December 1999. DOE/EIA-0383 (2000).
19 "Merchant Mania: Regional Markets Draw Gen Plant Projects" Public Utilities Fortnightly. January 1, 2000. Vol. 138, No. 1.
20 David Lazarus, "Ready or Not, Power Barge Headed for Bay: PG&E has some legalities to iron out in meantime" San Francisco Chronicle. July 18, 2000.
21 Clean energy funds data from American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. <http://www.aceee.org/briefs/mktabl.htm>. Data on federal money for nuclear, wind and solar from Marshall Goldberg, Federal Subsidies: Not All Technologies Are Created Equal. Washington, DC: Renewable Energy Policy Project, July 2000.
22 Environmental Justice Resource Center. Sprawl Atlanta: Social Equity Dimensions of Uneven Growth and Development. Atlanta: January 1999. <http://www.ejrc.cau.edu>.
23 Alliance to Save Energy et al. Energy Innovations: A Prosperous Path to a Clean Environment. Washington, DC: 1997.
24 Jamie Chapman et al. Expanding Wind Power: Can America Afford It? Washington, DC: Renewable Energy Policy Project, 1998. Available at <http://www.repp.org>. The estimate of U.S. benefits assumes a constant U.S. population of 300 million over 10 years, at 2.61 people per household (based on 1998 Census average household data).
25 James McVeigh, Dallas Burtraw, Joel Darmstadter and Karen Palmer. Winner, Loser of Innocent Victim: Has Renewable Energy Performed as Expected? Washington, DC: Renewable Energy Policy Project, March 1999.
26 U.S. Energy Information Administration. Energy Consumption and Renewable Energy Development Potential on Indian Lands. Washington, DC: April 2000.
27 For example, see Nathanael Greene and Roel Hammerschlag, "Small and Clean Is Beautiful" Electricity Journal. June 2000.
28 Natural Resources Defense Council. "Clean Fuel Buses" <http://www.nrdc.org> Accessed 25 September 2000.
29 U.S. Department of Energy. "Chicago Developing New Center for 'Green Industry'" August 4, 1999. <http://home.doe.gov/news/releases99/augpr/prl99088.htm>. Accessed October 19, 2000.
The Renewable Energy Policy Project (REPP) supports the advancement of renewable energy technology through policy research. We seek to define growth strategies for renewables that respond to competitive energy markets and environmental needs. Since its inception in 1995, REPP has investigated the relationship among policy, markets and public demand in accelerating the deployment of renewable energy technologies, which include biomass, hydropower, geothermal, photovoltaic, solar thermal, wind and renewable hydrogen. The organization offers a platform from which experts in the field can examine issues of medium- to long-term importance to policy makers, green energy entrepreneurs, and environmental advocates.
REPP receives generous support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the Energy Foundation, the Joyce Mertz-Gilmore Foundation, and the U.S Environmental Protection Agency, the State of New Mexico, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the Bancker-Williams Foundation, and the Oak Foundation.
To order REPP publications, contact REPP at (202) 293-2898.
A Message From REPP
Over 50 diverse groups from across the United States have come together to express common concerns and solutions for our energy system.Press Release Resolution Recommendations Supporters Fact Summary